- Artikel-Nr.: SW17604
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Battle of Fort Eben-Emael
The Battle of Fort Ében-Émael was a significant military engagement during the early stages of World War II. It took place on 10 May 1940 during the German invasion of Belgium. The battle is known for its innovative airborne tactics and the use of glider-borne troops.
Context and background
Location: Fort Ében-Émael, located in eastern Belgium, near the Albert Canal.
Strategic significance: The fort was a key element of the Belgian defence line, designed to protect the country from invasion by controlling the Albert Canal and the surrounding bridges.
Attack
German Forces: The German plan, called "Operation Granite", involved a surprise attack by a special airborne unit from the Wehrmacht's 7th Air Division, known as Sturmabteilung Koch.
Method: The Germans used gliders to land silently on the roof of the fort, avoiding detection. This was one of the first uses of gliders in combat.
Weapons and Tactics: The assault force was equipped with modern weapons, including shaped charge ammunition capable of penetrating the fort's defenses.
The course of the battle
Initial Assault: German troops landed on the fort's roof in the early morning and quickly disabled key defensive positions with explosives.
Surprise and Speed: The Belgian defenders were taken by surprise and, despite their strong fortifications, were unable to respond effectively to the rapid German attack.
Result: Within 24 hours, German forces neutralized the fort, allowing the German army to continue its advance through Belgium.
Consequences and significance
Impact on Belgian defences: The fall of Fort Ében-Émael was a significant blow to Belgian morale and defence, leading to a rapid German advance through Belgium and into France.
Tactical Innovation: The successful use of gliders and airborne troops demonstrated the effectiveness of these tactics, influencing future military operations.
The Battle of Fort Ében-Émael is often analysed in military history for its innovative approach and effective use of surprise and speed to defeat a seemingly impregnable fortification.